Types and functional characteristics of transformers
By 111March 11th, 202512 views
一.Types and functional characteristics of transformers
A transformer is an electrical component used to transform voltage, current, or impedance. It is the main equipment for power transmission and distribution in power systems, and its physical shape is like When transmitting electricity over long distances, transformers can be used to step up the voltage generated by power stations. This reduces losses during the transmission process, facilitating efficient long-distance power transmission. At the point of use, transformers step down the high voltage to levels suitable for consumption by electrical equipment and end-users. There are various ways to classify transformers, but based on the number of phases of their power supply, they can primarily be divided into single-phase transformers and three-phase transformers.
1.The functional characteristics of single-phase transformers include:
A single-phase transformer is a type of transformer with a primary winding configured for single-phase operation. As shown in Figure 1-2, both the primary and secondary windings of a single-phase transformer are wound around the core, with the primary winding serving as the AC voltage input terminal and the secondary winding as the AC voltage output terminal. The output voltage of the secondary winding is directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil. Single-phase transformers can convert high voltage power supply into single-phase low voltage suitable for various devices; for instance, they can step down an AC 6600V high voltage to an AC 220V low voltage to power lighting fixtures or other equipment, as illustrated in Figure 1-3. Featuring a simple structure, compact size, and low losses, single-phase transformers are suitable for use in low-voltage distribution lines (operating below 60Hz) with relatively small loads. Single-phase transformers are commonly used in rural power transmission and distribution systems, as well as for supplying power to lighting systems or small motors. Additionally, they are often utilized as power transformers in many electronic and electrical devices. 2.The functional characteristics of three-phase transformers include:
A three-phase transformer is one of the more commonly used types of transformers in power systems. It is essentially composed of three single-phase transformers of identical capacity combined to form a single unit. Both the primary winding (high-voltage coil) and the secondary winding (low-voltage coil) are configured for three-phase operation. Three-phase transformers are primarily used for voltage stepping up or stepping down in three-phase power supply systems. A common application is transforming several kilovolts of high voltage down to 380V of low voltage to provide power for electrical equipment and machinery. The application range of three-phase transformers is quite extensive, including but not limited to substations, industrial and mining enterprises, construction sites, irrigation equipment, postal and telecommunications, textiles, railways, schools, hospitals, national defense, elevators, and other sectors. They are also suitable for use in low-voltage distribution lines where the power supply voltage is low and subject to significant fluctuations.
